Research progress on fermented total mixed ration and its application to ruminant feeding
摘要
随着我国畜牧业的快速发展,常规饲料资源已无法满足畜牧养殖的需求,面对我国饲料短缺、优质饲草自给率低的难题,充分开发利用饲草资源和新型饲料迫在眉睫.因此,开发新型饲料已成为重要研究方向.发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)是根据动物的营养需要量,将粗饲料和精饲料混合为全混合日粮(TMR),在厌氧条件下发酵制成的一种适用于反刍动物的饲粮.FTMR与传统的TMR相比具有保质时间长、营养价值高、便于运输等特点,还可以改善适口性,提高动物生产性能.因此,本研究在梳理FTMR技术发展现状及影响其发酵品质因素的基础上,重点综述了干物质、温度、贮藏时间、日粮原料和添加剂影响FTMR发酵品质的机制,并探究了其在反刍动物中的应用及影响反刍动物体外消化率、生产性能、瘤胃发酵和肉品质的机制,旨在为FTMR的养殖实践提供科学依据.
With the rapid development of China's livestock industry,conventional feed resources can no longer meet the industry demand for animal feeds.Faced with the challenges of feed shortages and low self-sufficiency rates for high-quality forage,the full development and utilization of forage resources and novel feed materials have become urgent priorities.Therefore,the development of novel feed formulations has become a significant research focus.Fermented total mixed ration(FTMR)is a diet suitable for ruminants.It is produced by fermenting a total mixed ration(TMR)based on the animal's nutritional requirements and blending roughage with concentrate feed under anaerobic conditions.Compared with traditional TMR,FTMR offers extended shelf life,higher nutritional value,and easier transportation.It is also more palatable and enhances animal production performance.This review describes the current state of FTMR technology and factors influencing fermentation quality.It then focuses on the mechanisms by which dry matter,temperature,storage duration,dietary ingredients,and additives affect FTMR fermentation quality.Finally,it explores the applications of FTMR in ruminants and investigates its impact on ruminant in vitro digestibility,production performance,rumen fermentation,and meat quality.This review aims to provide scientific guidance for the practical application of FTMR in animal husbandry.
