[Purposes]This study aimes to elucidate the dynamic mechanisms of wind-sand activities around the Longyangxia Reservoir.[Methods]Focusing on the Talatan and Mugetan sandy areas on both sides of the reservoir,this research systematically analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of dust weather based on meteorological and remote sensing data from the winter and spring seasons of 2019-2023.The sand drift potential(DP)was introduced as a comprehensive wind dynamic indicator,combined with factors such as vegetation coverage and precipitation.[Findings]①The number of dust days in the study areas showed an overall increasing trend during winter and spring,with significant spatial heterogeneity.Dust activity intensity in Talatan(monthly average of 1.83 d)was much higher than that in Mugetan(monthly average of 0.17 d).②Dust days were highly positively correlated with DP,with Pearson correlation coefficients of r=0.794 in Talatan and r=0.857 in Mugetan.③Both vegetation coverage and precipitation showed low to moderately low negative correlations with dust days,with correlation coefficients of-0.343 and-0.186 in Talatan and Mugetan respectively.[Conclusions]Dust weather in this region is primarily driven by wind forces.Compared to wind speed or frequency of sand-driving winds,DP provides a more comprehensive representation of the wind-sand dynamic process,particularly offering superior explanatory power in areas with generally weaker wind forces,such as the Mugetan area.