摘要
生物气溶胶是指空气中来源于生物体的颗粒物及其伴随的气态成分,对全球生态系统、气候环境以及人体健康具有重要影响.本文系统梳理了生物气溶胶常用采样方法的基本原理,并对其适用范围及优缺点进行了比较分析;阐述了生物气溶胶离线分析与在线监测技术的发展现状与技术特点.在此基础上,本文依据采样效率、截断粒径、检测限、特异性及抗干扰能力等关键性能参数,对典型方法进行了定量比较,并分析了采样与检测之间的系统匹配关系及主要技术瓶颈.本综述重点指出,光学检测技术因具备实时性强、灵敏度高等优势,已逐渐成为细菌、真菌、病毒及花粉等典型生物气溶胶的重要检测手段.最后,对生物气溶胶采样与检测技术的发展趋势进行了总结与展望,以期为相关领域的研究与应用提供参考.
Bioaerosols refer to airborne particles derived from organisms and their associated gaseous components,which exert significant impacts on global ecosystems,climatic environment,and human health.This paper systematically reviews the basic principles of commonly used sampling methods for bioaerosols and compares their applicable scopes,advantages and disadvantages.It further elaborates on the development status and technical characteristics of off-line analysis and online monitoring technologies for bioaerosols.On this basis,typical methods are further quantitatively compared in terms of key performance parameters,such as sampling efficiency,cut-off diameter,limit of detection,specificity and anti-interference capability,and the matching relationship and main technical bottlenecks between sampling and detection are discussed.It is highlighted that optical detection technology,with the advantages of high real-time performance and high sensitivity,has gradually become an important detection method for typical bioaerosols,such as bacteria,fungi,viruses and pollen.Finally,the development trends of bioaerosol sampling and detection technologies are summarized and discussed,aiming to provide reference for research and applications in related fields.
