摘要
围绕中国历史传统与未来国家发展蓝图所形成的诸种"文明型国家"叙事,在宪法规范意义秩序之外构成了一幅有关中国"文明"国家像的竞争性话语图谱.白鲁恂"佯装国家的文明"之论断,揭示了西方中心主义标尺下对中国国家形态的审视立场,其背后潜藏着以"国民国家"为范式的预设.这一视角与源自本土传统的"天下一国家"二元观及晚近兴起的"文明型国家"主体性论述交织碰撞,共同映射出中国在国家想象上所承受的复杂张力.但这些外部叙事均归属于事实描述或价值宣称的范畴,相较之下,现行宪法已通过序言与总纲中的纲领性条款,构建了一个立体而具根本规范性的国家目标条款.这一宪法规范意义秩序框架不仅吸纳了文明传统作为精神资源,更通过规范转化设定了指向未来的演进方向.任何一种宪法外的"文明型国家"构想若进入国家立法或政策决议,就均须接受这一框架的约束.反之,中国"未来理想型国家像"的建构,其关键正在于能否持续有效地整合多元叙事,将文明之间的张力转化为法治国家建构的深层动力.
The diverse narratives of the"Civilization-State",centered on China's historical traditions and future development visions,have produced a competing discursive framework of China as one,operating outside the constitutional normative order.Lucian Pye's assertion that China is"a civilization pretending to be a state"reflects a Western-centric perspective on China's state form,underpinned by an implicit paradigm of the"Nation-State".This perspective intersects and collides with the traditional"Tianxia-State"binary rooted in indigenous heritage,as well as the emerging subjectivity discourse of the"Civilization-State",collectively reflecting the complex tensions inherent in China's conception of the state.However,these external narratives remain within the realm of factual description or value claims.In contrast,the current Constitution,through its Preamble and programmatic clauses of the General Principles,has established a multidimensional and fundamentally normative framework for state objectives.This constitutional normative framework not only draws upon civilizational traditions as spiritual resources but also,through processes of normative transformation,articulates a forward-looking developmental trajectory.Any conception of the"Civilization-State"existing outside the Constitution,if it is to be incorporated into national legislation or policy-making,must be constrained by this framework.Conversely,the construction of China's"Ideal Future State-Image"hinges precisely on the consistent and effective integration of diverse narratives,transforming the tensions between civilizations into a deeper driving force for the construction of a rule-of-law state.